Enter UK, USA, and Europe with ETA, ESTA, and EES – A Full Comparison
A detailed comparison of the UK ETA, US ESTA, and EU EES systems—exploring eligibility, application fees, processing times, and how they impact travelers entering the UK, USA, and Europe.
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The UK ETA, US ESTA, and the EU EES are all digital systems designed to regulate travelers’ entry into these regions, but they serve distinct purposes. The UK ETA and US ESTA act as travel authorizations, while the EU EES tracks entry and exit data. While these systems share some similarities, they have different eligibility, application processes, fees, and timelines.
Purpose of Each System
UK ETA (Electronic Travel Authorization)
The UK ETA is designed to pre-screen travelers who do not require a visa for short visits to the United Kingdom. It applies to those traveling for tourism, transit, or short-term business.
US ESTA (Electronic System for Travel Authorization)
The US ESTA is used to determine the eligibility of citizens from Visa Waiver Program (VWP) countries to travel to the U.S. without a visa for short-term stays (up to 90 days). It’s primarily aimed at travelers visiting for business, tourism, or transit.
EU EES (Entry/Exit System)
The EU EES is different from the UK ETA and US ESTA because it does not grant entry. Instead, it records entry and exit data for non-EU travelers entering the Schengen Area. The system uses biometric data like fingerprints and facial images at the border to replace manual passport stamps.
Who Is Eligible?
UK ETA
The UK ETA is available to visa-exempt travelers, including citizens from countries like the U.S., Canada, Australia, and most EU nations. UK and Irish citizens, along with those holding a UK visa or settled status, are exempt.
US ESTA
US ESTA is available to nationals from the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) countries, including the UK, Australia, Japan, and most EU countries. Applicants must hold an e-passport.
EU EES
The EU EES applies to all non-EU nationals entering the Schengen Area for short stays (up to 90 days within 180 days). It doesn’t require an application but records entry and exit data at the border using biometric technology.
Application Fees Comparison: ETA, ESTA, and EES
| System | Fee | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| UK ETA | £16 per person | Paid online or via mobile app |
| US ESTA | $21 USD per person | Includes $4 processing fee + $17 authorization fee |
| EU EES | Free | No application required |
Mode of Application
UK ETA
You can apply for the UK ETA online through the UK Government ETA website or via their mobile app. Approval is typically given within 72 hours.
US ESTA
Applications for US ESTA are submitted online through the official ESTA portal. Approval can be immediate, or it may take up to 72 hours.
EU EES
The EU EES does not require an application. Biometric information (fingerprints and facial recognition) is collected at the border when entering the Schengen Area.
Launch Dates and Phases
| System | Launch Phase | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| UK ETA | Nov 2023 – Apr 2025 | Initially for Gulf states, expanded to all visa-exempt travelers by April 2, 2025 |
| US ESTA | Mandatory since Jan 2009 | In operation since 2008 |
| EU EES | Oct 2025 – Mar 2026 | Gradual rollout, full enforcement expected by March 2026 |
Validity and Duration of Stay
| System | Validity | Permitted Stay |
|---|---|---|
| UK ETA | 2 years or until passport expiry | Up to 6 months per visit |
| US ESTA | 2 years or until passport expiry | Up to 90 days per visit |
| EU EES | Not a permit | Records each entry and exit for the 90/180-day rule |
Final Thoughts: Why Understanding These Systems Matters
As international travel becomes increasingly digitized, understanding the differences between the UK ETA, US ESTA, and EU EES is crucial. Here’s why it matters:
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UK ETA and US ESTA are mandatory travel authorizations. You cannot board without them.
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The EU EES won’t require an application but will be enforced at the border. It’s essential to be aware of the 90/180-day rule to avoid overstaying in the Schengen Area.
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All three systems are part of a global shift toward biometric and paperless border control—making face or fingerprint recognition part of your ID at the border.
What You Should Do Now:
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For UK ETA and US ESTA, apply early, especially if you’re planning to travel soon.
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Keep an eye out for updates on EU EES and the ETIAS system, which will launch in 2026 for additional visa-waiver processing in Europe.
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